人与人之间的肠道微生物群变异驱动对霍乱感染的易感性和抵抗性
Salma Alavi1, Jonathan D Mitchell1, Jennifer Y Cho2
1Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
Cell
|July 8, 2020
概括
关键的肠道微生物通过产生胆汁盐酸酶来预防Vibrio cholerae感染. 这种酶会降解激活病原体毒性的胆汁盐,从而减少基于个体微生物组合的感染易感性.
科学领域:
- 微生物学
- 胃肠病学
- 免疫学
背景情况:
- 人的肠道微生物群体包括在胃肠道中居住的多样化的微生物群体.
- 肠道微生物多样性与对肠道病原体的抵抗之间的关系尚不清楚.
- 了解这种关系对于制定有效的抗肠道感染策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查肠道微生物组成如何影响对肠道病原体,特别是霍乱病毒的敏感性.
- 确定特定肠道微生物对V.霍乱感染的保护机制.
- 探索微生物酶在调节肠道环境和病原体殖民中的作用.
主要方法:
- 人类微生物组被移植到动物感染模型中.
- 分析了胆汁盐酶 (BSH) 的活性及其对肠道化学的影响.
- 在微生物组组成和BSH活性方面量化了V. cholerae的殖民水平.
- 评估了胆汁盐taurocholate对V. cholerae病毒性基因表达的影响.
主要成果:
- 特定的微生物种通过胆盐酶活性显著影响肠道的化学环境.
- BSH活动降解胆汁盐,该胆汁盐诱导V. 霍乱病毒毒性基因表达.
- 降低BSH活动和特定微生物物种与V. cholerae殖民增加相关.
- 发现感染易感性是微生物组特异性的.
结论:
- 肠道微生物组的组成,特别是产生BSH的物种的存在,对于V. cholerae的耐药性至关重要.
- 通过BSH降解taurocholate代表了对V.霍乱的关键保护机制.
- 调节肠道微生物组结构和功能为个性化V.霍乱感染预防提供了潜力.
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