基因素H3-H4四聚体是一种铜还原酶
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在PubMed上查看摘要
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。核基因组H3-H4四基是氧化还原酶,可以结合和减少铜. 这种新功能会影响细胞中的铜度和依赖于铜的过程.
科学领域
- 生物化学
- 细胞生物学
- 分子生物学
背景情况
- 细胞的基素H3-H4四基体在二元化接口上具有铜 (Cu2+) 结合位,其作用尚不确定.
- 欧核生物的进化出现与大气中的氧气增加相吻合,为细胞铜管理带来了挑战.
研究的目的
- 为了研究素H3-H4四聚合物的铜结合点的功能.
- 确定基因组是否在细胞铜平衡中起作用.
主要方法
- 复合的Xenopus laevis H3- H4四聚合物用于体外铜结合和降解的研究.
- 为了分析对Saccharomyces cerevisiae中的铜代谢和功能的影响,引入了功能损失和功能增加的突变.
主要成果
- 再组合的H3-H4四聚合物显示出氧化还原酶的活性,催化了Cu2+的降解为Cu1+.
- 假定活性部位的突变改变了酵素结合,细胞内Cu1+水平,以及依赖于铜的线粒体呼吸和酵母中的Sod1功能.
结论
- 基因组H3-H4四基体具有超越染色体紧缩和表观遗传调节的新型酶功能.
- 这些四基分子积极产生可生物利用的Cu1+离子,有助于真核生物的细胞铜平衡.
相关概念视频
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...