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生命周期中的热瓶决定了鱼类的气候脆弱性

Flemming T Dahlke¹, Sylke Wohlrab^2,3, Martin Butzin²

¹Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. flemming.dahlke@gmx.de hans.poertner@awi.de.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 8, 2020

概括

鱼类的繁殖最容易受到气候变化的影响, 成体和胚胎的繁殖耐热度很低. 这突显了鱼类种群面临气温上升的严重瓶.

科学领域:

气候变化生物学
鱼类生态
生理生态学

背景情况:

种类对气候变化的脆弱性与温度敏感的生命阶段有关.
定义生命周期瓶对于了解鱼类对变暖的反应至关重要.
现有的研究往往缺乏不同鱼类的特定阶段的热耐受性数据.

研究的目的:

评估各种鱼类的特定阶段的热承受度.
确定鱼类最容易受到气候变暖的影响.
研究热耐受性,生命阶段和生理限制之间的机制联系.

主要方法:

对694种海洋和淡水鱼类的观测,实验和遗传学数据的分析.
评估不同生命阶段 (胚胎,幼虫,非繁殖成年人,繁殖成年人) 的耐热性.
应用气候预测场景 (共享社会经济路径) 来预测未来的影响.

主要成果:

繁殖成体和胚胎的耐热范围比幼虫和非繁殖成体更窄.
在繁殖阶段对变暖的脆弱性最高,符合氧气限制假设.
预计到2100年,在高排放场景下,多达60%的物种的水温可能会超过繁殖耐受性限制 (SSP 5-8.5).

结论:

在气候变化下,繁殖温度要求是鱼群的关键瓶.
实现雄心勃勃的气候目标 (SSP 1-1.9) 可以显著减轻对鱼类和依赖人类社区的风险.
为了在气候变化中有效的保护和渔业管理,必须了解特定阶段的热承受能力.

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