在COVID-19和SARS病例中的SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞免疫,以及未感染的对照
Nina Le Bert1, Anthony T Tan1, Kamini Kunasegaran1
1Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
Nature
|July 16, 2020
概括
已存在的记忆T细胞识别SARS-CoV-2,包括之前的SARS感染的交叉反应. 这些针对核体蛋白和其他病毒区域的T细胞可能会影响COVID-19的严重程度.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 病毒学
- 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 之前感染的记忆T细胞可能会影响随后的病原体反应.
- 之前存在的T细胞免疫力对SARS-CoV-2的存在和性质在很大程度上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 在以前患有或没有COVID-19的个体中调查T细胞对SARS-CoV-2的反应.
- 为了确定SARS幸存者的T细胞是否与SARS-CoV-2发生交叉反应.
- 在原始个体中识别SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞.
主要方法:
- 研究了T细胞对SARS-CoV-2核体 (N) 蛋白和非结构蛋白 (NSP7,NSP13) 的反应.
- 在康复的COVID-19患者,SARS幸存者和未感染的捐赠者中分析了T细胞的活性.
- 针对性病毒蛋白中的特征T细胞表位.
主要成果:
- 在COVID-19康复者中发现了识别多个N蛋白区域的CD4和CD8T细胞.
- SARS 幸存者具有长期存在的 T 细胞,对 SARS-CoV-2 N 蛋白质具有交叉反应.
- 没有感染的捐赠者具有针对N,NSP7和NSP13的SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞,而贝塔冠状病毒中则保留了表位.
结论:
- 贝塔冠状病毒感染诱导多特异性,持久的T细胞免疫力对抗N蛋白.
- 已经存在的T细胞免疫力对SARS-CoV-2可能会影响疾病的易感性和严重性.
- 了解这些T细胞反应对于管理COVID-19大流行至关重要.
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