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相关概念视频

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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在非新发性IBD受影响的结肠体内演变

Sigurgeir Olafsson1, Rebecca E McIntyre1, Tim Coorens1

  • 1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK.

Cell
|July 23, 2020
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概括

炎症性肠病 (IBD) 将结肠细胞突变的速度加快了2.4倍,导致广泛的克隆扩张. 关键基因的体质突变表明IBD的发病过程中起因作用.

关键词:
克罗恩病美国猪类动物ZC3H12A 其他炎症性肠道疾病肠道上皮质突变率突变的签名身体突变性结肠炎

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科学领域:

  • 基因组学
  • 胃肠病学
  • 癌症生物学

背景情况:

  • 炎症性肠病 (IBD) 是一种与胃肠癌风险增加相关的慢性疾病.
  • 了解IBD的基因组景观对于阐明疾病机制和癌症发展至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 在IBD患者的结肠上皮细胞中研究体质突变模式.
  • 将IBD受影响的结肠与健康结肠的突变格局进行比较.
  • 在IBD中确定积极选择的基因和途径.

主要方法:

  • 从46名IBD患者的全基因组测序446个结肠密码.
  • 与41个非IBD对照中的412个结肠密码进行比较.
  • 对突变率,克隆扩张和选择压力的分析.

主要成果:

  • 结肠炎上皮细胞的平均突变率是健康对照细胞的2. 4倍.
  • 在正常结肠中常见的加速突变过程推动了这种增长.
  • 在IBD中观察到广泛的,毫米级的克隆扩张,与正常结肠不同.
  • 积极选择确定了ARID1A,FBXW7,PIGR,ZC3H12A和IL-17/TLR通路基因中的非同义突变.

结论:

  • 与正常结肠相比,受结肠炎影响的结肠有不同的选择机制.
  • 身体突变可能在炎症性肠病的发病过程中起因作用.
  • 这些发现为IBD相关癌症的发展提供了洞察力.