在人类主导的生态系统中,动物感染宿主多样性增加
Rory Gibb1, David W Redding2, Kai Qing Chin1
1Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
Nature
|August 8, 2020
概括
通过改变野生动物群落,土地使用变化增加了动物感染疾病的风险. 人类使用的区域拥有更多已知的动物传染病宿主,特别是动物和蝙蝠,扩大了人与野生动物的接口.
科学领域:
- 生态学
- 流行病学
- 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 土地使用变化,如息地转化为农业或城市地区,与动物传染病的出现有关.
- 由于土地使用变化,野生动物宿主社区的可预测的生态变化仍然不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查土地使用对当地动物感染宿主社区的全球性,系统性影响.
- 确定土地使用变化是否可预测地改变了可以传染人类疾病的野生动物物种的多样性和丰富性.
主要方法:
- 全球6801个生态群体和376个宿主物种的分析.
- 对研究工作进行控制,以确保可靠的研究结果.
- 人类使用的生态系统中的动物感染宿主群体与未受干扰的息地进行比较.
主要成果:
- 土地使用对动物传染病宿主群体产生重大,全球性的影响.
- 已知的野生动物感染动物宿主在人类使用的地区 (二级,农业,城市) 比未受干扰的地区更为丰富 (21-144%) 和丰富 (18-72%).
- 在人类使用的地区,动物,蝙蝠和鸟的数量增长最快,这突显了它们作为动物病毒的主要储存点的作用.
结论:
- 全球土地使用变化有系统地有利于动物传播疾病的物种.
- 生态和生命历史特征可能会调解宿主对人类干扰的易感性和耐受性,从而影响病原体的溢出风险.
- 土地的强化使用在人类,牲畜和野生动物之间创造了不断扩大的接口,增加了动物传播疾病的风险.
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