通过足球在后伊拉克建立基督徒和穆斯林之间的社会凝聚力
1Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
概括
通过足球队的相互接触改善了流离失所的伊拉克基督徒对穆斯林同龄人的行为. 然而,这种足球干预并没有显著地建立更广泛的社会凝聚力或改善团队环境之外的态度.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学
- 解决冲突
- 冲突后的重建
背景情况:
- 战后的环境往往面临着重建社会凝聚力和群体间关系的挑战.
- 由于冲突而造成的流离失所,例如伊拉克和叙利亚伊斯兰国 (ISIS) 造成的流离失所,可能会加剧群体间的紧张关系.
- 了解有针对性的干预措施的有效性对于建设和平的努力至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查群体间的接触, 特别是通过足球的干预, 是否能促进流离失所的伊拉克基督徒之间的社会凝聚力.
- 评估混合群体与全基督徒群体接触对群体间行为和态度的影响.
- 确定干预环境中的积极变化是否转化为更广泛的社会互动.
主要方法:
- 随机控制试验将流离失所的伊拉克基督徒分配到一个全基督徒足球队或一个混合宗教队 (包括穆斯林).
- 干预的重点是体育参与和团队互动.
- 干预后的评估测量了各种社会背景中的行为 (例如,为体育奖投票,重新注册混合团队,与外组成员进行训练) 和态度.
主要成果:
- 混合宗教足球队的参与者表现出对穆斯林同龄人的改善行为, 包括提名穆斯林获奖的可能性增加, 再次注册混合球队,
- 这种干预对更广泛的社会环境中的行为没有显著影响,例如在穆斯林占主导地位的地区参观餐厅或参加混合社交活动.
- 干预组的态度并没有呈现一致的改善.
结论:
- 像足球队这样的结构化干预, 能有效地促进对特定外部群体成员的宽容行为.
- 建立更广泛的社会凝聚力和积极的群体间关系仍然是一个重大挑战.
- 有针对性的接触干预可能是改善同行层面互动的有用工具,但可能不足以实现冲突后的大规模社会和解.
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