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Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Laser Micro-Irradiation to Study DNA Recruitment During S Phase
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Laser Micro-Irradiation to Study DNA Recruitment During S Phase

Published on: April 16, 2021

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PCNA 激活 MutLγ 内核酶以促进介质交叉

Dhananjaya S Kulkarni1, Shannon N Owens1, Masayoshi Honda1,2

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

Nature
|August 20, 2020
PubMed
概括

这项研究表明PCNA和RFC激活了MutLγ内核酶,这对于在半转移过程中解决双休日结合至关重要. 这一发现澄清了交叉重组的机制,这对于精确的染色体分离和预防不孕症至关重要.

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Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
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Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process...
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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
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