具有危及生命的COVID-19患者的I型IFN免疫的先天性错误
Qian Zhang1, Paul Bastard2,3, Zhiyong Liu1
1St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
概括
托尔类受体3 (TLR3) 和干扰素调节因子7 (IRF7) 免疫的遗传缺陷增加了危及生命的COVID-19肺炎的风险. 这些罕见的功能丧失变体甚至在没有先前感染的情况下也会导致严重的疾病.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 遗传学
- 病毒学
背景情况:
- 严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 导致一系列疾病,从无症状到致命的冠状病毒疾病2019 (COVID-19).
- I型干扰素 (IFN) 免疫力,特别是依赖托尔类受体3 (TLR3) 和干扰素调节因子7 (IRF7) 的免疫路径,对于抗流感病毒防御至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在重症COVID-19肺炎患者中研究基因变异对TLR3和IRF7依赖的I型IFN免疫力的作用.
- 识别可能使个人易患危及生命的COVID-19的特定功能丧失 (LOF) 变种.
主要方法:
- 在人类的13个控制TLR3和IRF7依赖型I IFN免疫的罕见变异的分析.
- 严重的COVID-19肺炎患者和无症状或良性感染患者之间的变异频率的比较.
- 在患者衍生的纤维细胞中对LOF变异的实验验证和SARS-CoV-2脆弱性的评估.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,严重的COVID-19肺炎患者的TLR3-和IRF7-依赖型IFN免疫性调节基因中观察到罕见的LOF变异的丰富.
- 在3.5%的严重COVID-19患者中发现了实验定义的LOF变体的潜在缺陷.
- 在这种免疫回路中发生突变的人类纤维细胞对SARS-CoV-2感染的脆弱性增加.
结论:
- 在TLR3和IRF7依赖的I型IFN免疫系统中产生的遗传错误可能是危及生命的COVID-19肺炎的原因.
- 这些遗传缺陷可能会使个体易患SARS-CoV-2感染的严重后果,不论之前的严重感染情况如何.
- 了解这些基因基础对于识别有风险的人群和制定有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
相关概念视频
Immunodeficiency Diseases
1.8K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
1.8K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
1.5K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
1.5K
Development of Immunocompetence
610
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
610
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity
7.9K
The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
7.9K
Cells of the Innate Immune Response
8.2K
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
8.2K
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
13.1K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.1K


