针对急性COVID-19和与年龄和疾病严重性相关的SARS-CoV-2的抗原特异性适应性免疫力
Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher1, Sydney I Ramirez2, Jennifer M Dan2
1Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Cell
|October 4, 2020
概括
涉及SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞和抗体的协调免疫反应与较轻的COVID-19相关. 随着年龄的增长,这些适应性免疫反应会减弱,从而可能增加疾病的严重程度.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 病毒学
- 老年学
背景情况:
- 对于抗原特异性免疫反应与COVID-19严重性之间的联系的了解有限.
- 适应性免疫,包括T细胞和抗体,在病毒感染中起着至关重要的作用.
研究的目的:
- 研究SARS-CoV-2特异性适应性免疫反应 (CD4+ T细胞,CD8+ T细胞,中和抗体) 与COVID-19疾病严重程度之间的关系.
- 探索衰老对这些免疫反应的影响及其与疾病结果的关联.
主要方法:
- 在急性和康复性COVID-19患者中同时评估SARS-CoV-2特异性的CD4+ T细胞,CD8+ T细胞和中和抗体反应.
- 免疫反应协调及其与临床疾病严重程度的相关性分析.
- 评估年龄 (特别是65岁以上的个体) 对免疫反应协调和原始T细胞丰度的影响.
主要成果:
- SARS-CoV-2 特定的 CD4+ 和 CD8+ T 细胞都与较轻微的 COVID-19 疾病有关.
- 协调的适应性免疫反应,包括T细胞和抗体,与不太严重的疾病有关.
- 在65岁及以上的个体中,抗原特异性免疫反应的协调明显受损.
- 在老年人中观察到纯T细胞的稀缺性,与较差的疾病结果相关.
结论:
- 针对SARS-CoV-2的协调的CD4+ T细胞,CD8+ T细胞和抗体反应似乎对严重的COVID-19有保护作用.
- 这些适应性免疫反应的协调受损,特别是在老年人中,可能导致不受控制的病毒复制和严重的疾病.
- 衰老与对SARS-CoV-2的适应性免疫反应的下降有关,这有助于增加脆弱性.
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