多种哺乳动物中的红疹病毒亲属
Andrew J Bennett1, Adrian C Paskey2,3,4, Arnt Ebinger5
1Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Nature
|October 8, 2020
概括
科学家们发现了新的病毒,ruhugu和rustrela, 这些发现表明红疹病毒很可能起源于动物, 引发了对未来动物传播疾病的担忧.
科学领域:
- 病毒学
- 动物传染病
- 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 自1814年首次描述以来,红疹病毒 (Matonaviridae:Rubivirus) 的起源和传播途径基本上尚不清楚.
- 了解红疹病毒的进化史和宿主跳跃能力对于公共卫生和疾病预防至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 识别和描述红疹病毒的新亲属,以阐明其起源.
- 调查类似红疹病毒的动物传播潜力.
主要方法:
- 发现和基因组测序乌干达蝙蝠病毒和德国野生动物和动物园动物病毒.
- 病毒基因组结构和维护蛋白质表位 (B细胞和T细胞) 在红疹病毒,ruhugu病毒和 rustrela病毒之间进行比较分析.
- 预测病毒融合能力的E1蛋白同位素的模拟.
主要成果:
- 在蝙蝠中发现的Ruhugu病毒是红疹病毒最接近的已知亲属. 在动物和其他动物中发现的Rustrela病毒是外群.
- 鲁胡瓜病毒和鲁斯特拉病毒与红疹病毒具有相似的基因组结构.
- 关键的病毒蛋白质表现为中度至高度的保存,E1蛋白质建模表明ruhugu和红疹病毒之间具有类似的融合能力.
结论:
- 发现ruhugu和rustrela病毒提供了第一个有关红疹病毒的证据,并表明红疹的动物源.
- 马托纳病毒表现出跨物种传播的能力,突出显示了未来潜在的动物传染威胁.
- 这些发现将有助于开发红疹和先天性红疹综合征的比较研究和动物模型.
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