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适应小鼠的SARS-CoV-2 在标准实验室小鼠中引发急性肺损伤和死亡

Sarah R Leist¹, Kenneth H Dinnon², Alexandra Schäfer¹

¹Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

|October 8, 2020

概括

一种新的适应小鼠的SARS-CoV-2病毒模型复制了严重的COVID-19,包括急性肺损伤 (ALI) 和急性呼吸困难综合征 (ARDS). 这种模式有助于对疾病机制的研究和弱势群体的治疗方法的开发.

科学领域:

病毒学
免疫学
病理学

背景情况:

SARS-CoV-2 流行病造成了广泛的人类痛苦和经济混乱.
现有的动物模型无法完全复制人类中观察到的COVID-19的严重病理.

研究的目的:

开发和描述适应小鼠的SARS-CoV-2病毒,以准确模拟严重的COVID-19.
建立一个研究SARS-CoV-2病原和评估医疗对策的平台.

主要方法:

一种适应小鼠的新型SARS-CoV-2菌株的生成和特征.
在标准实验室小鼠中评估病毒复制,发病率,死亡率和病理特征.
对宿主遗传影响,与年龄相关的易感性和免疫反应的评估.

主要成果:

适应小鼠的SARS-CoV-2成功复制了严重的COVID-19的关键方面,包括高发病率和死亡率.
该模型显示了与急性肺损伤 (ALI) 和急性呼吸困难综合征 (ARDS) 一致的病理特征,包括表面活性剂功能障碍.
该模型表现出依赖年龄的严重程度和Th1细胞因子升高,反映出人类的疾病.

结论:

这种小鼠模型为研究SARS-CoV-2感染的复杂病变产生提供了有价值的工具.
它有助于研究宿主-病原体相互作用,免疫反应以及开发有效的疫苗和治疗方法.
该模型对于评估老年人群的干预措施以及了解ALI/ARDS机制特别有用.

关键词:

美国冠状病毒肺部急性损伤急性呼吸困难综合征动物模型干扰素鼠标适应疫苗的使用

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