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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...

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Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Patterning the Geometry of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies on Compliant Substrates to Control Tissue-Level Mechanics

Patterning the Geometry of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies on Compliant Substrates to Control Tissue-Level Mechanics

Published on: September 28, 2019

能够编程多细胞模式的合成形态系统

Satoshi Toda¹, Wesley L McKeithan², Teemu J Hakkinen³

¹Cell Design Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. wendell.lim@ucsf.edu satoshi.toda@staff.kanazawa-u.ac.jp.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 16, 2020

概括

此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员使用像GFP这样的任意分子来设计合成形态原体. 这些合成系统创造了度梯度,使细胞的行为模式类似于自然的形态系统.

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In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Published on: April 25, 2019

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Last Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Patterning the Geometry of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies on Compliant Substrates to Control Tissue-Level Mechanics

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Published on: September 28, 2019

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Published on: February 24, 2021

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Published on: April 25, 2019

科学领域:

细胞生物学
发育生物学
合成生物学

背景情况:

多细胞生物中的细胞从形态蛋白中解释位置线索以确定细胞命运.
了解位置信息编码的最低要求对于发育生物学至关重要.

研究的目的:

调查简单的任意分子是否可以作为合成形态原体.
探索生物系统中位置编码所需的基本特征.

主要方法:

使用光蛋白 (例如GFP,mCherry) 制造的合成形态原体.
合成形态原体的局部表达和通过表面定蛋白质捕获以形成梯度.
开发出合成受体来检测这些梯度.
通过改变密度和引入抑制剂来改变梯度特性.
在接收器单元中实现反循环和级联,以改变梯度解释.

主要成果:

随意的分子在被定位和捕获时成功形成度梯度.
合成形态系统产生了类似于自然生物系统的模式.
通过调整密度和抑制剂的存在,可以调整梯度特征 (形状,扩散).
接收器细胞响应电路可以修改以改变梯度的解释方式.

结论:

简单的分子可以转化为功能合成形态原体,证明位置编码的基本原理.
合成形态生物系统为了解形态生物进化和工程复杂细胞模式提供了一个平台.
这项工作通过合成生物学方法提供了对细胞之间的沟通和组织工程的见解.