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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

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功能性长非编码RNA从垃圾转录进化

Alexander F Palazzo1, Eugene V Koonin2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.

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|October 17, 2020
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

大多数由复杂基因组产生的RNA转录是非功能性的"垃圾". 然而,这种垃圾RNA通过非适应性过程作为新型长非编码RNA (lncRNA) 的进化必需的原料.

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科学领域:

  • 基因组学
  • 进化生物学
  • 分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 复杂的基因组,如哺乳动物的基因组,表现出广泛的转录.
  • 一种普遍的观点认为大多数RNA转录具有功能性作用.
  • 然而,全基因组分析挑战了这一概念,确定大多数转录是非功能性的.

研究的目的:

  • 研究非功能性RNA转录在基因组进化中的作用.
  • 探索长非编码RNAs (lncRNAs) 的起源.
  • 了解驱动真核细胞功能创新的进化机制.

主要方法:

  • 对RNA转录的选择性约束的全基因组分析.
  • 对非适应性进化机制的研究.
  • 转录组的比较基因组学.

主要成果:

  • 大多数由复杂基因组产生的RNA转录缺乏选择性约束,表明它们是非功能性的 ("垃圾"RNA).
  • 这些"垃圾"转录是多种长非编码RNA (lncRNA) 进化的关键前体.
  • 新型功能性RNA的出现,包括lncRNA,主要是由非适应性过程驱动的,如构造性中性进化,而不是强有力的积极选择.

结论:

  • 非功能性RNA (垃圾RNA) 在进化创新中起着至关重要的作用.
  • 在弱选择下, lncRNA 和生物复杂性的进化是由非适应性机制促进的.
  • 功能性创新可以在多细胞真核生物中产生最小的适应性变化.