尖端突变D614G改变了SARS-CoV-2的适应性
Jessica A Plante1,2,3, Yang Liu4, Jianying Liu2,3
1World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Nature
|October 27, 2020
概括
SARS-CoV-2 D614G 尖端蛋白突变增强了病毒的复制和传播. 这种变种不太可能显著降低针对COVID-19的疫苗有效性,但治疗抗体需要测试.
科学领域:
- 病毒学
- 传染性疾病
- 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 在COVID-19大流行期间,SARS-CoV-2尖端蛋白中的D614G替代变异成为主要变异.
- D614G变种对病毒传播和现有疫苗有效性的确切影响尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查SARS-CoV-2 D614G尖端蛋白突变的功能影响.
- 评估D614G变种对病毒传播,感染力和疫苗诱导免疫力的影响.
主要方法:
- 在 USA-WA1/2020 SARS-CoV-2 株中设计了 D614G 尖端蛋白替代.
- 在人类肺上皮细胞和初级人类呼吸道组织中评估病毒复制.
- 感染野生型 (D614) 和突变型 (G614) 病毒的仓鼠和测量病毒载量.
- 评估了对D614和G614病毒的仓鼠血清的中和活性.
主要成果:
- 通过增加病毒感染性和稳定性,D614G替代增强了人类肺细胞和呼吸道组织中的病毒复制.
- G614病毒在受感染的仓鼠的上呼吸道 (鼻水,气管) 中产生了较高的传染性标位,但不是肺部.
- 与D614病毒相比,感染D614的仓鼠血清对G614病毒的中和度略高.
结论:
- D614G突变显著导致上呼吸道病毒载量增加,支持SARS-CoV-2的增强传播.
- D614G 变种不太可能显著降低针对早期 SARS-CoV-2 菌株开发的疫苗的保护效果.
- 应对目前流传的G614变种进行治疗抗体的评估,以确保治疗COVID-19的有效性.
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