史前狗的起源和遗传
Anders Bergström1, Laurent Frantz2,3, Ryan Schmidt4,5
1Ancient Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK. anders.bergstrom@crick.ac.uk laurent.frantz@gmail.com ron.pinhasi@univie.ac.at greger.larson@arch.ox.ac.uk pontus.skoglund@crick.ac.uk.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 30, 2020
概括
古老的狗基因组揭示了与狼不同的祖先,早在11000年前就分为五个血统. 狗种群的历史与人类在欧亚大陆的迁徙和扩张非常相似.
科学领域:
- 古代基因组学
- 狗群的历史
- 古遗传学
背景情况:
- 狗是第一个养动物, 但它们的种群历史和人类的联系仍然不清楚.
- 了解古代狗的遗传学对于解读人类与动物的共同进化至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 用古老的基因组重建狗的深层历史.
- 调查狗与狼之间的遗传联系和基因流动.
- 为了比较古老的狗种群动态与人类迁徙模式.
主要方法:
- 测序27个古老的狗基因组.
- 用古老和现代狼和人类基因组进行比较基因组分析.
- 遗传学分析以推断祖先和人口结构.
主要成果:
- 所有的狗都与现代狼有着共同的祖先,它们的狼对狗基因流量有限,但狗对狼的基因流量很大.
- 至少有五种不同的狗血统存在于11,000年前,表明古石器时代的多样化.
- 古老的狗种群历史与人类迁移有相似之处 (例如,非洲/欧洲的黎凡特祖先) 和差异 (例如,草原扩张,新石器时代的转移).
结论:
- 古老的狗基因组提供了狗化和多样化的深度时间表.
- 狗种群动态与人类的人口变化有着复杂的联系,
- 这项研究强调了狗祖先在几千年间的重大变化,特别是在新石器时代的欧洲.
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