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相关概念视频

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

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The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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The Unfolded Protein Response01:37

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The ER is the hub of protein synthesis in a cell. It has robust systems to quality control protein folding and also for degradation of terminally misfolded proteins. Under normal conditions, a small proportion of misfolded proteins that cannot be salvaged need to be transported to the cytoplasm by the ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathways. However, if the ERAD cannot handle the misfolded proteins, the cell activates the unfolded protein response or UPR to adjust the protein folding...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells
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延长性停滞激活了与线粒体相关的质量控制

Nirupa Desai1, Hanting Yang1, Viswanathan Chandrasekaran1

  • 1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 27, 2020
PubMed
概括

研究人员在人类线粒体核糖体 (线粒体核糖体) 中发现了一种质量控制途径,该途径可以拯救停滞不前的蛋白质合成. 关键蛋白质排出新生链和tRNA,确保氧化化复合物的正常功能.

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Nov 28, 2025

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09:33

Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells

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Using SecM Arrest Sequence as a Tool to Isolate Ribosome Bound Polypeptides
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Using SecM Arrest Sequence as a Tool to Isolate Ribosome Bound Polypeptides

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科学领域:

  • 细胞生物学
  • 分子生物学
  • 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 人类线粒体核糖体 (线粒体核糖体) 对于合成13个必需的氧化酸化 (OXPHOS) 子单位至关重要.
  • 线粒体功能对于细胞能量产生至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 发现和描述停滞的线粒体的质量控制途径.
  • 阐明核糖体救援的结构机制.

主要方法:

  • 低温电子显微镜 (低温电子显微镜) 的分辨率为3.1-4.4安格斯特罗姆.
  • 蛋白-RNA和蛋白-蛋白相互作用的生物化学分析.

主要成果:

  • 确定了在核糖体救援过程中被困的大核糖体子单元的结构.
  • 确定了C12orf65 (mtRF-R) 和C6orf203 (MTRES1) 作为喷射新生链和基tRNA的关键因素.
  • 对质量控制中间体的线粒体生物发生因子的观察.
  • 提供了具有延长因子和Oxa1L的延长线粒体结构.

结论:

  • 一个与线粒体相关的新型质量控制途径在延长过程中挽救了停滞的翻译.
  • mtRF-R和MTRES1在线粒体救援中起着至关重要的作用.
  • 线粒体生物发生因子在质量控制中具有额外的作用.