一个模拟基因以父性方式指导雌性性黄蜂的性别确定
在PubMed上查看摘要
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。黄蜂基因的男性化 (女性) 控制着女性的发育. 它的父性遗传启动了雌性发育,而母性沉默导致了雄性发育.
科学领域
- 遗传学
- 发育生物学
- 昆虫学
背景情况
- 昆虫的性别决定是由各种主要信号调节的.
- 在女膜类动物中,女性的发育需要父亲的基因组;它的缺失导致了单体雄性.
- 双胞胎性是一种性别决定系统,男性从未受精的卵子 (双胞胎) 发育,女性从受精的卵子 (双胞胎) 发育.
研究的目的
- 识别和功能性地描述一只半双体黄蜂 Nasonia vitripennis 的性别决定基因.
- 阐明黄蜂的男性化 (女性) 基因在启动女性发育中的作用.
主要方法
- 对女性基因进行分子鉴定.
- 通过母亲沉默实验对女性进行功能分析.
- 基因表达模式的分析,包括转化器的细胞转录 (tra).
主要成果
- 发现了黄蜂的男性化 (女性) 基因,并对其进行了功能性鉴定.
- Wom含有类似P53的域,并源于基因复制和重新排列.
- 母亲对女性的沉默导致了单体胚胎的男性发育.
- 父亲的女性基因转录启动转化器 (tra) 的胚胎表达,导致雌性发育.
结论
- Wom作为一个指导基因在性别决定与父母的起源效应.
- 这项研究揭示了单双体昆虫的性别决定机制.
- 妇女在受精后从男性发展到女性的过程中起着至关重要的作用.
相关概念视频
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will...
The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...

