人类线粒体DNA转录的小分子抑制剂
Nina A Bonekamp1, Bradley Peter2, Hauke S Hillen3
1Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
Nature
|December 17, 2020
概括
科学家开发了针对POLRMT的新型线粒体转录抑制剂 (IMTs). 这些IMT有效地降低了线粒体DNA表达和氧化酸化,在临床前模型中显示出抗瘤作用.
科学领域:
- 生物化学
- 分子生物学
- 药理学
背景情况:
- 线粒体DNA (mtDNA) 表达的改变与衰老和癌症等疾病有关.
- 氧化化 (OXPHOS) 对癌细胞生长和存活至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发针对人类线粒体RNA聚合酶 (POLRMT) 的特定线粒体转录抑制剂 (IMT).
- 在临床前癌症模型中研究IMT的抗瘤潜力.
主要方法:
- 针对POLRMT的第一类IMT的开发.
- 在细胞系和复制系统中评估IMT的疗效.
- 在POLRMT中识别抗性突变的外体序列.
- 用冷电子显微镜 (cryo-EM) 确定POLRMT上的IMT结合部位.
- 在老鼠异种移植模型中对IMT的安全性和有效性的临床前评估.
主要成果:
- IMT有效抑制mtDNA转录并以剂量依赖的方式降低OXPHOS.
- 在POLRMT中发现了耐药性突变,证实了药物标.
- 化EM结构显示了IMTs在POLRMT上的全结位.
- 在小鼠中,口服IMT治疗耐受性良好,在正常组织中没有毒性.
- 在人类癌症异种移植中观察到显著的抗瘤反应.
结论:
- IMT是线粒体转录的有力和特定抑制剂.
- 通过向OXPHOS,IMTs显示出作为抗癌疗法的潜力.
- IMT 作为一种有价值的化学生物工具,用于研究 mtDNA 在健康和疾病中的表达.
相关概念视频
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors
10.5K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
10.5K
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
8.5K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
8.5K
The Electron Transport Chain
18.9K
The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
18.9K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II
17.2K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
17.2K
Mitochondrial Membranes
15.3K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
15.3K
ATP Synthase: Mechanism
16.0K
In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased...
16.0K


