对SARS-CoV-2抗体免疫的演变
Christian Gaebler1, Zijun Wang1, Julio C C Lorenzi1
1Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|January 18, 2021
概括
在SARS-CoV-2感染后,抗体水平会下降,但记忆B细胞会持续发展. 这些记忆B细胞显示出抗体强度和对突变的抗性,表明免疫适应正在进行中.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 病毒学
- 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 导致全球显著的死亡率和发病率.
- 在SARS-CoV-2感染后的抗体反应有所不同,中和抗体提供保护.
- 感染后的B细胞记忆反应的长期质量和性质在很大程度上仍未确定.
研究的目的:
- 研究对SARS-CoV-2的幽默记忆反应的动态.
- 评估抗体标位,中和活性和记忆B细胞数量的变化.
- 检查SARS-CoV-2感染后记忆B细胞的特征和演变.
主要方法:
- 在感染后1. 3个月和6. 2个月,对87名患者的抗体 (IgM,IgG,IgA) 标位和血中和活性进行纵向分析.
- 对受体结合域 (RBD) 特定的B细胞进行量化和表征.
- 记忆B细胞体质突变的分析,对RBD突变的抗体耐药性和功效.
- 在肠道活检中检测SARS-CoV-2核酸和免疫活性.
主要成果:
- 抗体标位 (IgM,IgG) 和中和活性在感染后6. 2个月显著下降;IgA的影响较小.
- 在研究期间,RBD特异性B细胞的数量保持稳定.
- 记忆B细胞表现出克隆循环,并产生具有增加体质突变的抗体,增强对RBD突变的抵抗力,以及更大的效力.
- 在一些人的小肠中检测到SARS-CoV-2的持久性.
结论:
- 对SARS-CoV-2的幽默免疫反应涉及持续和不断发展的B细胞群.
- 记忆B细胞成熟和抗体进化表明对持久抗原的反应.
- 研究结果表明,对SARS-CoV-2感染的动态适应性免疫反应超出了急性抗体衰退的范围.
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