巨型肺鱼基因组揭示了脊椎动物征服陆地
Axel Meyer1, Siegfried Schloissnig2, Paolo Franchini3
1Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany. axel.meyer@uni-konstanz.de.
Nature
|January 18, 2021
概括
澳大利亚最大的肺鱼基因组揭示了脊椎动物的陆地适应性. 它的独特结构和活性元素揭示了陆地生命从鱼的演变.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学
- 基因组学
- 脊椎动物古生物学
背景情况:
- 肺鱼 (Sarcopterygii) 是一类叶片鱼,对于了解脊椎动物向陆地过渡至关重要.
- 它们是四足动物的最近亲属,
- 澳大利亚肺鱼 (Neoceratodus forsteri) 拥有已知最大的动物基因组.
研究的目的:
- 确定澳大利亚肺鱼 (Neoceratodus forsteri) 的染色体质量基因组.
- 对肺鱼的关键进化位置和对陆地生命的预适应性进行研究.
- 了解推动基因组扩张的机制及其与四足动物进化的关系.
主要方法:
- 染色体质量的基因组测序和Neoceratodus forsteri的组装.
- 对基因组结构,重复内容和基因家族进行比较基因组学分析.
- 基因组分析以证实进化关系.
主要成果:
- 肺鱼的基因组大约是人类基因组的14倍,主要是由于具有高重复含量的广泛的基因间区域和内基因.
- 肺鱼的基因组组件更像四足动物,而不是光鱼,具有活跃的,独立扩展的可转移元素.
- 宏染色体与其他脊椎动物保持合成,微染色体与祖先的脊椎动物型呈现同样性.
结论:
- 肺鱼基因组为使脊椎动物陆地化成为可能的遗传创新提供了关键的见解.
- 基因重复和呼吸和感觉基因的进化速度有助于肺鱼的四足动物生物.
- 这项研究证实肺鱼是理解脊椎动物从水到陆地的重要模型.
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