关节炎的诊断和治疗:一篇综述
Jeffrey N Katz1,2,3, Kaetlyn R Arant1, Richard F Loeser4
1Orthopedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA
|February 9, 2021
概括
骨关节炎 (OA) 是一种常见的关节疾病,影响全球数以百万计的人,经常导致活动限制. 管理重点是运动,减肥和教育,
科学领域:
- 关节病学
- 整形医学
- 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 骨关节炎 (OA) 是最常见的关节疾病,
- 它通常影响部和膝盖, 具有软骨退化特征, 导致疼痛, 硬和功能下降.
- 风险因素包括年龄,女性性别,肥胖,遗传学和关节损伤,而OA患者的并发病率和死亡率更高.
研究的目的:
- 本文重点介绍的是关节炎和膝关节炎.
- 概述目前对OA病理生理学,危险因素和诊断发现的理解.
- 概述关节和膝关节OA的既定和新兴的管理策略.
主要方法:
- 在骨关节炎方面的文献综述,重点是关节和膝关节.
- 综合有关流行病学,临床表现,风险因素和诊断指标的信息.
- 目前和研究中的治疗方法,包括保守和手术选择的汇编.
主要成果:
- 关节和膝关节的OA是非常普遍和残疾的情况.
- 主要治疗策略包括教育,运动和减肥,并补充NSAID,皮质类固醇注射和其他药物.
- 新兴的治疗方法针对结构性进展和疼痛,而全面关节置换可以有效地缓解疾病的疼痛.
结论:
- 关节和膝关节关节炎是一个严重的全球性健康负担,需要全面管理.
- 非药物干预是OA护理的基石.
- 外科手术,如整体关节置换, 仍然是末期疾病的关键选择.
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