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过面膜呼吸器 (N95呼吸器) 再加工:一个系统审查
Max A Schumm1, Joseph E Hadaya1, Nisha Mody2
1Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
JAMA
|March 3, 2021
概括
像N95这样的过面膜呼吸器 (FFR) 的重新处理至关重要. 紫外线杀菌照射和蒸发过氧化是有效的灭菌方法,对N95呼吸器造成的损害最小.
科学领域:
- 医疗服务
- 传染病控制
- 生物医学工程
背景情况:
- 由于COVID-19大流行,个人防护设备 (PPE) 严重短缺,特别是过面部呼吸器 (FFR).
- 医院需要有效的FFR再处理方法,例如N95呼吸器,以确保足够的供应.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和评估N95呼吸器各种消毒过程的有效性和可行性.
- 基于病原体去除,过效率,面部适应,用户安全和处理能力的不同污染方法进行比较.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed和EMBASE进行了全面的文献搜索,截至2021年1月31日.
- 研究了五种消毒方法:紫外线照射,蒸发过氧化,湿热化,微波蒸汽和乙烯氧化物.
- 数据抽象侧重于过程特征,病原体无活化和呼吸器完整性.
主要成果:
- 42个实验室研究评估了65种N95呼吸器. 紫外线照射 (1-2 J/cm2) 和蒸发过氧化在消除病原体方面表现出很高的有效性,而无需显著的呼吸器降解.
- 潮湿的热量和微波产生的蒸汽也证明了有效的病原体减少和保持过性能,尽管一些研究指出了潜在的呼吸器损伤.
- 乙烯氧化物保留了呼吸器的部件,但对致癌副产品提出了担忧.
结论:
- 紫外线杀菌辐射,蒸发过氧化,湿热和微波产生的蒸汽是消毒N95呼吸器的有效方法,同时保持过性能.
- 紫外线照射和蒸发过氧化对呼吸器材料造成的损伤最小.
- 需要进一步的研究才能充分了解对SARS-CoV-2的消毒效果.
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