老年人听力损失的查:美国预防服务工作组的最新证据报告和系统审查
Cynthia Feltner1,2,3, Ina F Wallace1,4, Christine E Kistler1,3,5
1RTI International-University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence-based Practice Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
JAMA
|March 23, 2021
概括
查测试可以检测老年人的听力损失,但对助听器的益处的证据有限,特别是在非老兵人群中. 需要进一步研究查和干预的危害.
科学领域:
- 老年学
- 听力学
- 预防医学
背景情况:
- 听力损失是老年人普遍存在的疾病,对健康和社会福祉产生重大影响.
- 早期检测和干预对于管理与年龄相关的听力损失及其后果至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 对50岁及以上成年人听力损失查的准确性和有效性进行全面的证据审查.
- 为美国预防服务工作组 (USPSTF) 提供有关听力损失查的建议.
主要方法:
- 在多个数据库 (MEDLINE,Cochrane图书馆,EMBASE) 和试验登记处进行系统的文献搜索,截至2020年10月.
- 评估各种查工具检测轻度至中度听力损失的测试精度的34项研究的元分析.
- 审查7项试验,评估干预措施的益处,主要是助听器,用于屏幕检测的听力损失.
主要成果:
- 查测试显示了检测听力损失的足够准确性;例如,单个问题查显示了轻度听力损失的66%的敏感性和76%的特异性.
- 一项针对美国退伍军人的查效益的单一试验发现,与常规护理相比,一年后与听力相关的功能没有显著差异.
- 有限的证据表明,助听器有助于改善听力相关功能,主要是在涉及退伍军人的研究中观察到的.
结论:
- 有几种查方法可以有效地识别老年人听力损失.
- 目前,没有足够的证据来确定助听器对屏幕检测到听力损失的普通人群的益处.
- 没有研究报告与听力损失查或随后的干预相关的潜在危害.
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