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早期细胞形状的转变推动了人类前脑的进化扩张

Silvia Benito-Kwiecinski¹, Stefano L Giandomenico¹, Magdalena Sutcliffe¹

¹MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.

|March 25, 2021

概括

人类大脑扩张与发育过程中的细胞过渡延迟有关. 这种由ZEB2调节的细胞形状变化是理解人类独特大脑演变的关键.

科学领域:

发育生物学
进化生物学
神经科学

背景情况:

人类大脑在与其他类人猿分离后的快速扩张缺乏明确的机械解释.
了解人类大脑进化背后的发展过程至关重要.

研究的目的:

通过使用灵长类脑器官来研究驱动进化大脑扩张的发育机制.
鉴定导致人类大脑大小的细胞和分子差异.

主要方法:

从人类,大猩猩和黑猩猩细胞生成大脑器官.
对神经上皮分化的比较分析,细胞形状,核迁移和细胞周期.
用RNA测序 (RNA-seq) 来识别差异性基因表达,专注于像ZEB2这样的形态发生因子.

主要成果:

神经上皮分化在猿类中延长,具有明显的细胞形状转变状态.
人类器官由于延迟过渡而表现出更大的尺寸,这与改变的核迁移和细胞循环动态有关.
ZEB2被确定为这种过渡的调节者,其操纵改变了人类和非人类猿类器官之间的大脑结构.

结论:

神经上皮细胞形状动态在人类大脑扩张中起着重要作用.
由ZEB2影响的猿类神经上皮转变的延迟导致了人类大脑的大小.
这项研究提供了人类大脑进化背后的分子机制.

关键词:

一个ZEB 大脑大脑扩张细胞形状黑猩猩一个进化大猩猩神经干细胞神经上皮质有机物

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