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相关概念视频

Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

18.1K
Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
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The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

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Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

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The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions
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对核心发起者的预启动复合组合的结构洞察

Xizi Chen1, Yilun Qi1, Zihan Wu1

  • 1Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 2, 2021
PubMed
概括

转录因子IID (TFIID) 结构揭示了真核转录中预启动复合体 (PIC) 组合的两个不同的途径. 这些通路汇聚到一个共同的全PIC,稳定RNA聚合酶II并促进其激活.

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学
  • 结构生物学
  • 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 转录因子IID (TFIID) 对于启动RNA聚合酶II (Pol II) 的真核转录至关重要.
  • 了解各种促进体上的预启动复合体 (PIC) 的组合对于破译基因调节至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明不同类型的发起者之间的 TFIID 中介 PIC 组合的结构机制.
  • 想象一下全光PIC的逐步组织及其与Pol II的相互作用.

主要方法:

  • 在三个不同的组装状态下确定了基于TFIID的人类PIC的高分辨率结构.
  • 使用结构生物学技术分析PIC结构和子单元相互作用.

主要成果:

  • 揭示了PIC组装的两个不同的"轨道":一个用于TATA-TFIID结合元件促进器,另一个用于仅TATA/没有TATA的促进器.
  • 证明两条轨道汇聚到一个保存的~50个子单元的全息图结构.
  • 显示的 TFIID 稳定了 holo-PIC,促进了循环素依赖激酶激活激酶 (CAK) 载入 Pol II,而 TBP 则曲了 TATA 和 TATA-less 促进剂.

结论:

  • TFIID采用分歧但融合的组合途径,在多种真核生物促进体上形成稳定的全PIC.
  • 这些结构性见解为TFIID在转录启动和Pol II调节中的作用提供了机制基础.