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相关概念视频

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Utilizing Functional Genomics Screening to Identify Potentially Novel Drug Targets in Cancer Cell Spheroid Cultures
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在瘤微环境中进行细胞编程的营养分离

Bradley I Reinfeld1,2,3, Matthew Z Madden1,4, Melissa M Wolf2,3

  • 1Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.

Nature
|April 8, 2021
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

免疫细胞和癌细胞在瘤微环境 (TME) 中优先消耗不同的营养素. 这种由mTORC1信号驱动的细胞内在营养分离会影响癌症免疫力,并可作为治疗点.

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科学领域:

  • 癌症生物学
  • 免疫学
  • 代谢过程

背景情况:

  • 癌细胞通过沃尔堡代谢利用葡萄糖,形成了正子发射断层扫描 (PET) 图像的基础.
  • 瘤透的免疫细胞也依赖于葡萄糖,而它们在瘤微环境 (TME) 中的代谢受损可能导致免疫逃避.
  • 目前尚不清楚TME中的免疫细胞代谢失调是由于内在程序或与癌细胞的营养竞争.

研究的目的:

  • 调查TME内的特定细胞子集对葡萄糖和谷氨酸的差异吸收和分离.
  • 要确定细胞内在的程序或营养的可用性是否决定了这种代谢失调.
  • 探索向TME细胞选择性营养获取的治疗和成像潜力.

主要方法:

  • 使用正子发射断层扫描 (PET) 标记物来量化TME内的特定细胞群的葡萄糖和谷氨酸摄取量.
  • 分析了各种癌症模型中的营养分离,包括骨髓细胞,T细胞和癌细胞.
  • 研究了拉巴胺素复合物1 (mTORC1) 信号传递和基因表达在细胞内在营养代谢中的作用.

主要成果:

  • 在TME中,骨髓细胞的葡萄糖吸收率最高,其次是T细胞,然后是癌细胞.
  • 与免疫细胞相比,癌细胞的质胺吸收率最高.
  • 由mTORC1信号调节的细胞内在程序,分别控制免疫和癌细胞对葡萄糖和谷氨酸的优先摄取.
  • 抑制谷氨酸摄取增加了葡萄糖摄取,这表明谷氨酸代谢抑制了葡萄糖利用,而不依赖于葡萄糖限制.

结论:

  • 细胞内在的程序决定了TME内的免疫细胞和癌细胞之间的葡萄糖和谷氨酸分离.
  • 这种选择性营养获取会影响免疫细胞功能和癌症的进展.
  • 针对这些细胞选择性代谢途径为新的癌症疗法和先进的成像策略提供了潜力.