中美洲和南美洲监狱的结核病危机不断升级
Katharine S Walter1, Leonardo Martinez1, Denise Arakaki-Sanchez2
1Division of Infectious Diseases & Geographic Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|April 11, 2021
概括
中美洲和南美洲的结核病例正在上升,原因在于被监禁人群 (即被剥夺自由的人) 感染的数量大幅增加. 迫切需要采取行动, 解决监狱内的这一健康危机, 并改善整体结核病控制.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生
- 流行病学
- 传染病控制
背景情况:
- 全球结核病发病率有所下降,
- 自2000年以来, 中美洲和南美洲的监狱人口增长了206%.
- 这种人口变化恰逢监狱结核病率的上升.
研究的目的:
- 调查中美洲和南美洲逆转结核控制进展的驱动因素.
- 分析剥夺自由的人群中结核病例的增加对区域控制工作的影响.
主要方法:
- 在一般和监狱人口中分析结核病发病率趋势.
- 中美洲和南美洲监狱人口增长和疾病报告率的比较.
主要成果:
- 自2000年以来,中美洲和南美洲被剥夺自由的人群中的结核病例增加了269%.
- 占该地区所有报告的结核病例的11%.
- 肺结核病例的增加使得一般人群的进展相形见.
结论:
- 结核病在监狱中的高发病率构成了PDL的重大健康和人权危机.
- 控制中美洲和南美洲的结核病需要优先考虑PDL的健康, 并在惩戒设施内实施紧急措施.
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