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相关概念视频

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function
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创始细胞塑造了大脑的演变

Jing Liu1, Debra L Silver2

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Cell
|April 16, 2021
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

人类大脑扩张与神经上皮细胞的变化有关. 一项新的研究使用大猿脑器官来揭示细胞形状的转变如何驱动人类大脑皮层的发展.

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相关实验视频

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科学领域:

  • 进化生物学
  • 发展神经科学
  • 比较基因组学

背景情况:

  • 人类大脑皮层比其他灵长类动物大得多,
  • 了解推动这种扩张的进化机制是神经科学中的一个关键问题.
  • 之前的研究已经探讨了遗传和细胞因素,

研究的目的:

  • 与其他类人猿相比,研究人类大脑皮层扩张的细胞机制.
  • 鉴定在人类进化过程中可能导致皮质大小增加的特定细胞行为和转变.

主要方法:

  • 在包括人类在内的多个大猿物种中,从多能干细胞生成大脑器官.
  • 高分辨率的实时成像和先进的显微镜技术,以观察3D有机体培养中的原始细胞行为.
  • 对神经上皮原生细胞形状,分裂模式和发育中的器官体内的空间组织进行定量分析.

主要成果:

  • 在人类和非人类猿类器官之间观察到神经上皮原生细胞形状动态的显著差异.
  • 人类的祖先表现出不同的过渡状态,与猿类相比,它们采用了更长,更窄的形状.
  • 这些形状转变与改变的前代细胞增殖率相关,并可能影响皮质表面积的扩张.

结论:

  • 神经上皮原生细胞的形状转变是人类大脑皮层进化的关键因素.
  • 这项研究提供了一种新的细胞机制,
  • 这些发现为研究皮层发育和进化的遗传和分子调节开辟了新的途径.