在亚马逊地区受到欧洲影响之前,大规模的重新造林
M B Bush1, M N Nascimento2,3, C M Åkesson2
1Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA. mbush@fit.edu c.n.h.mcmichael@uva.nl.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 30, 2021
概括
欧洲人接触并没有导致同步的亚马逊森林再生. 在欧洲人到来之前的几百年里, 土地被遗弃和森林重新生长,
科学领域:
- 古生态学
- 环境历史
- 气候科学
背景情况:
- 一个被广泛接受的理论认为,在与欧洲人接触后,亚马逊原住民的90-95%人口崩导致了广泛的土地遗弃.
- 这种土地被遗弃被认为是大约在公元1610年左右造成了显著的重新造林,增加了陆地碳捕获,并减少了大气中的二氧化碳 (CO2).
研究的目的:
- 调查与欧洲人的到来相关的亚马逊森林再生的时间和程度.
- 测试欧洲导致人口减少的假设导致同步的森林再生和随后的大气二氧化碳减少.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自亚马逊河流域的39个化石花粉记录.
- 花粉记录的年代确定植被变化和土地使用的时间表.
- 再造林模式与欧洲殖民历史时期的相关性.
主要成果:
- 这项研究没有发现与欧洲人的到来同时发生在亚马逊地区的同步复林事件.
- 在欧洲人接触之前的300到600年里,
- 由于重新造林而导致的欧洲人口崩和1610年CE大气二氧化碳减少之间的联系并未得到古生态数据的支持.
结论:
- 在与欧洲人接触后,亚马逊原住民的大量人口减少并没有引发广泛,同步的重新造林事件.
- 早期土地被遗弃和森林重生早于欧洲人的到来表明其他因素,如欧洲人前的流行病或环境变化,影响了亚马逊的景观.
- 欧洲殖民与重新造林导致大气二氧化碳排放量下降的现有说法需要根据这些新古生态证据进行重新评估.
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