之前的SARS-CoV-2感染在第一剂疫苗后挽救了B和T细胞对变体的反应
Catherine J Reynolds1, Corinna Pade2, Joseph M Gibbons2
1Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 1, 2021
概括
单剂量SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种加上之前的感染显著提高了对变种的免疫力. 单独接种疫苗对B.1.1.7和B.1.351等相关变种的交叉保护较少.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 病毒学
- 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 有关SARS-CoV-2变种的快速传播给疫苗的有效性带来了挑战.
- 了解初始疫苗接种后的免疫反应,特别是先前感染的个体,至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在医疗保健工作者 (HCW) 中评估一次剂量Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA疫苗 (BNT162b2) 赋予的交叉保护性免疫力.
- 在接种一剂疫苗后,与以前的武汉-胡-1 SARS-CoV-2 感染者或没有感染者进行免疫反应比较.
主要方法:
- 在HCW中首次服用BNT162b2后,对T细胞和B细胞反应的纵向分析.
- 对抗 SARS-CoV-2 变种 (B.1.1.7 和 B.1.351) 的抗体分泌记忆B细胞和中和抗体的评估.
- 与人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 多态性相关的T细胞反应的评估.
主要成果:
- 之前感染的个体在接种一剂疫苗后表现出增强的T细胞免疫力,强大的B细胞反应和对B.1.1.7和B.1.351有效的中和抗体.
- 一次接种疫苗后,没有先前感染的HCW对SARS-CoV-2变种的免疫力减弱.
- 变异性尖端突变对T细胞反应产生了差异性影响,受HLA多态的影响.
结论:
- 一次BNT162b2疫苗剂量在先前感染的个体中显著增强了对SARS-CoV-2变体的中和抗体反应.
- 之前的感染显著提高了对新出现的变种的初始疫苗接种的有效性.
- 对变种的免疫反应是复杂的,受感染史和宿主基因 (HLA) 的影响.
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