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Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
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在电触媒和热触媒中统一的概念,用于生产过氧化

Jason S Adams1, Matthew L Kromer2, Joaquín Rodríguez-López2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 21, 2021
PubMed
概括

这项研究表明,金属纳米颗粒上的过氧化 (H2O2) 和水的形成率在电化学和热化学反应中是可预测的. 用于生产H2O2的最佳催化剂设计取决于特定的操作条件和反应动力学.

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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
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The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
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