通过压力和电子调节的集成加速1,3-二极循环添加
Jesús M Dones1, Nile S Abularrage1, Namrata Khanal2
1Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 21, 2021
概括
研究人员开发了一种新的压缩基,2-azabenzo-benzocyclooctyne (ABC),用于更快的1,3-双极循环添加. 这项创新通过提高稳定试剂的反应速率来增强生物对角化学应用.
科学领域:
- 有机化学
- 化学生物学
- 生物对角化学
背景情况:
- 1,3-双极循环添加对于探测和控制生物过程至关重要.
- 使用稳定的试剂实现高反应速率仍然是类优化的关键挑战.
- 目前的策略包括增加环应变和调整的电子性质.
研究的目的:
- 整合应变和电子调策略以提高基反应性.
- 调查CH → N基替代在二环氧氨酸 (DIBO) 衍生物中的作用.
- 开发用于加速生物对角反应的新试剂.
主要方法:
- 计算分析以预测修改后的二环氧素的反应性.
- 合成2-azabenzo-benzocyclooctyne (ABC) 和其组成同位素,二azacyclooctyne (DIBAC).
- 比较ABC和DIBAC与亚酸和酸化合物的反应速率的动力学研究.
主要成果:
- 与DIBAC相比,2-azabenzo-benzocyclooctyne (ABC) 的反应速度明显更快.
- 双极特异性相互作用,包括n→π*和键,增强了ABC的反应性.
- 在仿生溶液中,ABC和DIBAC均具有可比的化学稳定性.
- ABC 和 DIBO 通过三步化碳酸介导环扩张进行合成.
结论:
- 在ABC中压力和电子效应的整合导致了1,3-双极循环添加的增强反应性.
- ABC代表了促进生物对角化学和化学生物学的宝贵工具.
- 这些发现为未来的创新提供了循环添加反应的更广泛的可访问性和实用性.
相关概念视频
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
3.0K
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
3.0K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation
3.8K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
3.8K
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction
11.1K
The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
11.1K
Conformations of Cycloalkanes
13.3K
Adolf von Baeyer attempted to explain the instabilities of small and large cycloalkane rings using the concept of angle strain — the strain caused by the deviation of bond angles from the ideal 109.5° tetrahedral value for sp3 hybridized carbons. However, while cyclopropane and cyclobutane are strained, as expected from their highly compressed bond angles, cyclopentane is more strained than predicted, and cyclohexane is virtually strain-free. Hence, Baeyer’s theory that...
13.3K
[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of 1,5-Dienes: Cope Rearrangement
3.0K
The Cope rearrangement is classified as a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-dienes, leading to a more stable, isomeric 1,5-diene. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six electrons, four from two π bonds and two from a σ bond, via an energetically favorable chair-like transition state.
3.0K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation
2.3K
Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
2.3K


![Solid-phase Synthesis of [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F58508.jpg&w=3840&q=50)