微生物群通过大脑中的应激神经元调节社会行为
Wei-Li Wu1,2,3, Mark D Adame4, Chia-Wei Liou5,6
1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. wlwu@ncku.edu.tw.
Nature
|July 1, 2021
概括
肠道微生物组通过调节压力反应来影响小鼠的社会行为. 像Enterococcus faecalis这样的特定细菌可以降低压力激素并改善社会互动.
科学领域:
- 神经科学
- 微生物学
- 行为科学
背景情况:
- 社会互动对于动物的生存和繁殖至关重要.
- 肠道微生物在社会行为中的作用及其神经基础尚未完全理解.
- 人们越来越认可肠道与大脑之间的联系是行为的关键调节者.
研究的目的:
- 研究肠道微生物组如何调节神经元活动以影响雄性小鼠的社会行为和应激反应.
- 识别特定的神经回路和涉及微生物组介导社会行为调节的分子机制.
主要方法:
- 使用无细菌条件和抗生素对肠道微生物进行操纵.
- 评估社会行为和压力激素水平 (皮质激素).
- 使用遗传和化学遗传技术来准特定的神经通路,包括下丘脑-垂体-上腺 (HPA) 轴和皮质素释放激素 (CRH) 神经元.
主要成果:
- 微生物群枯竭导致社会缺陷和皮质水平升高,与HPA轴激活有关.
- 针对HPA轴 (上腺切除,葡萄糖皮质受体对抗) 或CRH神经元的干预可以逆转社会障碍.
- 在具有正常微生物组的小鼠中,CRH神经元的特定激活诱导了社会缺陷.
- 鉴定出Enterococcus faecalis是一种促进社会活动并降低皮质的细菌.
结论:
- 肠道微生物组通过调节与压力相关的大脑电路中的神经元活动, 显著影响社会行为.
- 特定的肠道细菌可以抑制HPA轴的激活,从而影响社会相互作用.
- 这项研究突显了肠道细菌,神经回路和复杂的社会行为之间的直接联系.
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