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相关概念视频

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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提升聚合物循环价值和解决循环问题

LaShanda T J Korley1,2,3, Thomas H Epps1,2,3, Brett A Helms4

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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

通过克服传统回收的局限性,化学和聚合物再循环为全球塑料废物危机提供了创新解决方案. 这些先进的方法促进循环,减少环境影响,为下一代材料铺平道路.

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学
  • 环境科学
  • 化学工程

背景情况:

  • 现代人依赖廉价的一次性塑料制造了严重的全球废物危机.
  • 传统的机械回收方法往往导致聚合物的性能降低,从而限制了它们的有效性.
  • 塑料废物的多样性给有效的回收和资源回收带来了挑战.

研究的目的:

  • 探索聚合物的先进回收和再循环策略,以应对塑料废物危机.
  • 研究在聚合物生命周期中实现循环的方法.
  • 突出聚合物上循环的潜力,使其能耗更低,对环境的影响更小.

主要方法:

  • 对聚合物的化学回收和再循环方法的审查.
  • 对封闭循环回收的分离策略和宏分子设计的分析.
  • 评估改变聚合物生命周期的转变过程.

主要成果:

  • 化学回收和再循环可以通过先进的分离和化学实现循环.
  • 与传统回收相比,聚合物上循环提供了潜在的低能耗途径.
  • 这些策略可以减轻与机械回收相关的财产损失.

结论:

  • 化学回收和再循环是塑料废弃物管理和循环利用的重要策略.
  • 先进的聚合物设计和转化过程是克服当前回收限制的关键.
  • 工业采用这些方法对于解决塑料废物危机和推进材料设计至关重要.