针对肠道微生物群的饮食调节人类的免疫状态
Hannah C Wastyk1, Gabriela K Fragiadakis2, Dalia Perelman3
1Department of Bioengineering, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Cell
|July 13, 2021
概括
食物纤维和发酵食品对肠道微生物和免疫反应有不同的影响. 发酵食品可以减少炎症并增加微生物多样性,对工业化人口有益.
科学领域:
- 微生物组研究
- 免疫学
- 营养科学
背景情况:
- 饮食显著影响肠道微生物组合和功能.
- 肠道微生物组在调节宿主免疫系统方面起着至关重要的作用.
- 了解特定饮食干预措施对微生物群-免疫轴的影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究植物纤维和发酵食品对健康成年人的微生物群和免疫系统的影响.
- 确定微生物组组成,功能和宿主免疫反应的特定饮食变化.
- 在饮食干预后探索基线微生物群多样性和免疫轨迹之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 一项为期17周的随机前性研究,分为两部分:高纤维饮食和高发酵食物饮食 (n=18/部分).
- 对微生物组 (包括碳水化合物活性酶 - - CAZymes) 的综合性测量和宿主免疫分析.
- 对微生物多样性,炎症标志物和细胞因子反应评分进行纵向监测.
主要成果:
- 高纤维饮食增加了微生物群编码的CAZymes,但没有改变微生物多样性或细胞因子响应得分.
- 在高纤维消费者中观察到三个不同的免疫轨迹,与基线微生物群多样性相关.
- 高发酵食物导致微生物多样性的稳定增加和炎症标志物的减少.
- 饮食干预对微生物群和免疫系统产生了特定的,取决于饮食的影响.
结论:
- 针对肠道微生物群的饮食干预可以以特定的饮食方式调节免疫系统反应.
- 发酵食品显示出与工业化饮食相关的微生物群多样性减少和炎症增加的潜力.
- 与饮食干预相结合的长度微生物组和免疫分析为宿主-微生物-饮食相互作用提供了个性化和全人口的洞察力.
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