在MAPT突变大脑器官中,ELAVL4,拼接和质功能障碍是神经元损失的先例
Kathryn R Bowles1, M Catarina Silva2, Kristen Whitney3
1Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY 10029, USA.
Cell
|July 27, 2021
概括
使用干细胞模型的前性痴呆症 (FTD) 研究显示,早期的积和胺路径变化导致神经元丧失. 一种PIKFYVE抑制剂在突变神经元中拯救了谷氨酸毒性.
科学领域:
- 神经科学
- 干细胞生物学
- 遗传学
背景情况:
- 前性痴呆 (FTD) 与MAPT突变有关,通过不清楚的机制导致tau病变和神经元死亡.
- 了解早期分子事件对于开发有效的FTD疗法至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究人类诱导多能干细胞 (iPSC) 衍生的脑器官中早期的细胞和分子变化,具有神经退行前的MAPT突变 (tau-V337M).
- 确定FTD的潜在治疗点.
主要方法:
- 产生和长期培养表达tau-V337M的iPSC衍生脑器官和同位素对照.
- 基因表达,拼接,蛋白质聚合 (tau,P-tau-S396),压力颗粒,自功能和神经元在不同时间点 (2,4和6个月) 对谷氨酸毒性敏感性的分析.
- 使用PIKFYVE激酶抑制剂 (apilimod) 的药理救援实验.
主要成果:
- 突变性有机体显示MAPT,谷氨酸信号通路和ELAVL4的早期上调,以及2个月后增加的压力颗粒.
- 在6个月内发生了渐进的拼接变化,自失调和tau/ P-tau- S396积累.
- 在被阿皮利莫德拯救的突变器官中观察到特定的谷氨酸神经元损失和对谷氨酸毒性的增加.
结论:
- 在MAPT突变驱动的FTD中,神经退行发生之前,有明显的分子事件序列,包括谷氨酸路径失调.
- 谷氨酸信号通路是FTD的有希望的治疗点.
- 在FTD中,阿皮利莫德具有减轻谷氨酸毒性的治疗作用.
相关概念视频
Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)
4.8K
Microtubule function and architecture are regulated by an array of specialized proteins called microtubule-associated proteins or MAPs. These proteins are widespread across different organisms and have conserved protein motifs, like the multi-TOG domain for tubulin binding found in the CLASP family of MAPs. Some MAPs are lineage-specific based on their conserved domains. Their functions depend upon the cytoskeletal architecture and cell type they are located within. In-plant cells, a specific...
4.8K
Prosopagnosia
1.3K
Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
1.3K
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory
1.5K
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
1.5K
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction
29
Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
29
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology
42
Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and...
42
Dementia l: Introduction
35
Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
35


