流传的SARS-CoV-2变种对mRNA疫苗诱导免疫力的影响
Carolina Lucas1, Chantal B F Vogels2, Inci Yildirim3,4
1Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Nature
|October 11, 2021
概括
以前感染了SARS-CoV-2并接种了疫苗的个体对变种保持了更强的抗体反应. 增强剂是加强对新兴菌株免疫力的关键.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 病毒学
- 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 新出现的SARS-CoV-2变种具有关键抗体结合部位的突变,可能会影响疫苗和感染引起的幽默免疫力.
- 了解这些变种的免疫反应对于公共卫生策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析以前感染者 (康复者) 与未感染者 (天真者) 接种SARS-CoV-2mRNA疫苗的抗体和T细胞反应.
- 评估等离子体对各种循环的SARS-CoV-2变种的中和能力.
主要方法:
- 在接种疫苗后测量抗SARS-CoV-2抗体和T细胞反应.
- 用尖端或核酸进行体外刺激,以评估T细胞激活标记.
- 综合性血中和测定使用16种代表各种变异的真实SARS-CoV-2分离物.
主要成果:
- 与未接种疫苗的个体相比,先前感染的个体在接种疫苗后的抗体度较高.
- 在接种两剂疫苗后,原始个体实现了类似的基因中和.
- 像E484K,N501Y/T和L452R这样的特定突变降低了尖端蛋白的中和能力,E484K和N501Y/T的影响更大.
- 两组都保持了对所有测试变种的中和性,但以前感染的,接种疫苗的个体显示出优异的中和性.
结论:
- 疫苗接种增强了康复和原始个体的抗体和T细胞反应.
- 之前感染的个体在接种疫苗后对SARS-CoV-2变种表现出更广泛,更强大的中和作用.
- 疫苗增强剂是对抗新型病毒中毒活性减弱的重要策略.
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