野生黑猩猩的麻风病
Kimberley J Hockings1,2, Benjamin Mubemba3,4, Charlotte Avanzi5,6,7,8
1Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.
Nature
|October 14, 2021
概括
在西非野生黑猩猩中发现了麻风病 (由Mycobacterium leprae引起),这表明这种细菌可能比以前认为的更多野生动物中传播. 这一发现突出了人类和已知的动物宿主之外的疾病潜在的新存储库.
科学领域:
- 动物医学
- 灵长类动物健康
- 感染性疾病
背景情况:
- 人类是麻风菌的主要宿主,
- 漏事件已经在维护宿主如鱼和红松鼠中确立了麻风.
- 已经记录了被囚禁的非人类灵长类动物自然获得的麻风病,但感染的起源尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 在野外的黑猩猩群体中研究类似麻风的病变.
- 在受影响的黑猩猩中识别病原体及其遗传特征.
- 了解野生灵长类动物群体中Mycobacterium leprae的传播潜力.
主要方法:
- 在几内亚比绍和科特迪瓦对野生黑猩猩种群的纵向监测.
- 对便和尸体解剖样本进行Mycobacterium leprae的查.
- 黑猩猩M. leprae菌株与已知的人类和动物菌株的基因组比较
主要成果:
- 在两个野生西游黑猩猩群体中观察到类似麻风的病变和疾病进展.
- 在受影响的黑猩猩中,Mycobacterium leprae被证实是病原体.
- 黑猩猩M. leprae菌株属于罕见的基因型 (4N/O和2F),与常见的人类和动物菌株不同.
结论:
- 野生黑猩猩容易患上麻风, 呈现与晚期疾病相符的临床症状.
- 在野生黑猩猩群体中流传Mycobacterium leprae, 这表明野生动物更广泛地参与了麻风传染.
- 这些发现表明人类或未知的环境来源对野生动物的M. leprae的潜在暴露.
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