2021年美国退伍军人中SARS-CoV-2疫苗保护和死亡
Barbara A Cohn1, Piera M Cirillo1,2, Caitlin C Murphy3
1Public Health Institute, Oakland, CA, USA.
概括
2021 年,针对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的疫苗有效性下降,其中 Janssen 疫苗的有效性下降幅度最大. 然而,所有疫苗都能防止死亡,尤其是在德尔塔变种激增期间.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 公共卫生
- 流行病学
背景情况:
- 严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 构成严重的全球健康威胁.
- 疫苗接种是减轻SARS-CoV-2感染和死亡率的主要策略.
- 了解疫苗的有效性 (VE) 根据类型和时间是公共卫生政策的关键.
研究的目的:
- 根据疫苗类型评估SARS-CoV-2疫苗对感染 (VE-I) 和死亡 (VE-D) 的有效性.
- 评估德尔塔变种升期间的 VE 趋势.
- 为正在进行的疫苗接种和助推策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 在退伍军人卫生管理局对780,225名退伍军人的回顾性队列研究.
- 从2021年2月到10月对VE-I和VE-D进行分析.
- 根据年龄组对VE-D进行分层 (<65岁和≥65岁).
主要成果:
- 从2021年2月到10月,所有疫苗类型的VE-I都下降了,其中Janssen疫苗的下降幅度最大 (VE-I:13.1%).
- 接种疫苗仍然可以防止死亡,即使在德尔塔变种激增期间感染突破.
- 根据疫苗类型和年龄不同,VE- D为73. 0% (詹森),81. 5% (现代),84. 3% (瑞生物科技);65岁以上的患者,VE- D为52. 2% (詹森),75. 5% (现代),70. 1% (瑞生物科技).
结论:
- 这些发现强调了SARS-CoV-2疫苗对感染的有效性随着时间的推移而减弱.
- 接种疫苗继续为与COVID-19相关的死亡提供显著的保护,特别是在老年人中.
- 持续的疫苗接种,增强疫苗接种和多层次的防护措施对于对抗SARS-CoV-2感染和死亡率至关重要.
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