不同感染和疫苗接种形成了对SARS-CoV-2变种的免疫力
Catherine J Reynolds1, Joseph M Gibbons2, Corinna Pade2
1Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
概括
最初的SARS-CoV-2感染和疫苗接种影响了对新型病毒的免疫力. 抗体和B细胞反应平稳,而T细胞反应和一些变体的中和在三次抗原暴露后增加.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 病毒学
- 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 初始严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染对随后对各种关注变体 (VOCs) 的免疫力的影响尚不清楚.
- 了解以前的感染和疫苗接种如何影响对 SARS-CoV-2 菌株的免疫反应对于公共卫生策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查SARS-CoV-2感染和接种疫苗后卫生保健工作者的纵向免疫反应.
- 评估最初感染菌株和抗原暴露史对中和抗体和细胞免疫力对SARS-CoV-2 VOCs的影响.
主要方法:
- 记录有SARS-CoV-2感染和接种疫苗的医疗保健工作者的长度队列研究.
- 对各种SARS-CoV-2 VOCs (B.1.1.7,B.1.351,P.1,B.1.617.2) 的S1抗体,记忆B细胞和中和功能的测量.
- 评估特异性T细胞反应和血清标记与中和免疫的相关性.
主要成果:
- 经过三次抗原暴露 (感染+2剂疫苗),S1抗体水平和记忆B细胞数量趋于平稳.
- B.1.351,P.1和B.1.617.2变种的中和趋于平稳,而B.1.1.7变种的中和和T细胞反应的增加.
- 使用武汉Hu-1尖端受体结合域的血清分析显示中和免疫力对VOC的预测不佳.
- 对VOC的中和效应因异种病毒接触和抗原暴露史而异,在接种疫苗后5个月内下降.
结论:
- 感染和疫苗接种期间遇到的尖端蛋白质的组合显著影响了对SARS-CoV-2 VOCs的交叉保护性免疫力.
- 对SARS-CoV-2的免疫反应是复杂的,取决于抗原暴露的序列和类型.
- 这些发现有助于设计面向未来的新一代疫苗,为新出现的病毒提供更广泛的保护.
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