在体内沿着自我生成的硬度梯度进行集体硬度测试
Adam Shellard1, Roberto Mayor2
1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
Nature
|December 9, 2021
概括
胚胎细胞在Xenopus laevis中自我生成并通过硬度梯度,这是以前未被证明的体内过程. 这种机械指导与化学信号一起工作,
科学领域:
- 发育生物学
- 细胞生物学
- 生物物理
背景情况:
- 集体细胞迁移对于发育,愈合和疾病至关重要.
- 化学反应 (遵循化学梯度) 是指向细胞运动的已知机制.
- 在实验室中观察到硬度 (随着硬度梯度),但其在体内的相关性是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 在体内调查durotaxis的存在和机制.
- 确定胚胎细胞是否能够产生和响应基质刚度梯度.
- 了解机械和化学线索如何协作指导细胞迁移.
主要方法:
- 使用Xenopus laevis胚胎研究神经细胞迁移.
- 研究了神经细胞在斑点组织中自我生成的刚度梯度.
- 分析了细胞矩阵粘附,N-cadherin相互作用和下游信号通路 (Rac活性,actomyosin收缩性).
主要成果:
- 证明了Xenopus神经细胞在相邻组织中自行产生动态刚度梯度.
- 表明神经细胞通过遵循这种自我生成的刚度梯度 (durotaxis) 来朝向迁移.
- 发现durotaxis与化疗作用协同作用,通过协调的actomyosin活动增强集体细胞迁移.
结论:
- 提供了第一个在体内证据的durotaxis和动态基板刚度梯度.
- 已确定N-cadherin相互作用和细胞矩阵粘附介导渐变传感和反应.
- 结论是化学和机械线索在体内协同驱动有效的定向集体细胞迁移.
相关概念视频
01:20Two-Dimensional Force System
1.1K
A two-dimensional system in mechanical engineering involves the analysis of motion and forces in a plane. A two-dimensional force vector can be resolved into its components as:
1.1K
01:30Three-Dimensional Force System
2.4K
In mechanical engineering, a three-dimensional force system is a system of forces acting in three dimensions, with forces applied along the x, y, and z coordinate axes. The three-dimensional force system is an important concept in mechanical engineering, as it allows engineers to understand and analyze the behavior of objects and structures in three dimensions. By understanding the forces acting on a system, engineers can design more efficient and effective mechanical systems that can withstand...
2.4K
01:13Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces
2.8K
In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue.
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
2.8K
01:05Static and Kinetic Frictional Force
17.5K
One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
However, if two systems are in contact and are stationary relative to one...
However, if two systems are in contact and are stationary relative to one...
17.5K
01:30Three-Dimensional Force System:Problem Solving
953
A three-dimensional force system refers to a scenario in which three forces act simultaneously in three different directions. This type of problem is commonly encountered in physics and engineering, where it is necessary to calculate the resultant force on the system, which can then be used to predict or analyze the behavior of the object or structure under consideration.
To solve a three-dimensional force system, first resolve each force into its respective scalar components. Do this using...
To solve a three-dimensional force system, first resolve each force into its respective scalar components. Do this using...
953
01:17Magnetic Damping
614
Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...
614