对SARS-CoV-2 Omicron的康复和疫苗血清的活性
Juan Manuel Carreño1, Hala Alshammary1, Johnstone Tcheou1
1Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|January 11, 2022
概括
SARS-CoV-2 的 Omicron 变种显示出显著的免疫逃逸,降低了疫苗的有效性. 然而,多次暴露 (感染加上接种疫苗) 的个体保持了对Omicron的一些中和活性.
科学领域:
- 病毒学
- 免疫学
- 流行病学
背景情况:
- 2021年底出现的SARS-CoV-2的Omicron变种 (B.1.1.529) 带有大量的突变基因.
- 奥米克朗的传染性很高,超过了德尔塔变种,导致全球传播.
- 早期证据表明Omicron可以逃避之前感染和接种疫苗的免疫力.
研究的目的:
- 评估人类血清对Omicron变异的中和和结合活性.
- 将Omicron的免疫逃生潜力与野生型和Beta SARS-CoV-2变种进行比较.
- 评估疫苗接种和先前感染对Omicron免疫反应的影响.
主要方法:
- 来自康复者,接种疫苗和增强剂的血清进行了测试.
- 对野生型,Beta和Omicron SARS-CoV-2 隔离物的病毒中和活性进行了测量.
- 使用Omicron和野生型尖端蛋白来评估血清的尖端蛋白结合活性.
主要成果:
- 在康复期和双重接种疫苗的患者血清中,对Omicron的中和活性非常低或无法检测.
- 来自三次或四次暴露 (感染和/或接种疫苗) 个体的血清显示保持,尽管降低了对Omicron的中和活性.
- 在康复期未接种疫苗的人群中,对Omicron尖端蛋白的结合减少,但在接种疫苗的人群中很大程度上保持.
结论:
- Omicron 显示出显著的免疫逃逸,降低了先前感染或标准疫苗接种的免疫力.
- 多次接触SARS-CoV-2尖端蛋白 (通过感染和增强) 会增强对Omicron的中和反应.
- 疫苗接种对于保持针对像Omicron这样的SARS-CoV-2变种的保护性免疫力至关重要.
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