在抗体中和之前,SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 已有相当大的逃逸
Delphine Planas1,2, Nell Saunders1,3, Piet Maes4
1Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France.
Nature
|January 11, 2022
概括
SARS-CoV-2的Omicron变种对大多数单克隆抗体和初始COVID-19疫苗接种的抗体具有抗性. 强剂可显著改善对Omicron的中和抗体反应.
科学领域:
- 病毒学
- 免疫学
- 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 2021 年底出现的SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 变种具有众多突变,特别是在尖端蛋白中.
- 这些突变引发了人们对病毒传染性增加,病毒适应性和免疫逃避的担忧.
研究的目的:
- 调查Omicron变异对治疗单克隆抗体的中和敏感性.
- 评估COVID-19疫苗接种和康复抗体对Omicron感染的有效性.
主要方法:
- 从旅行者中分离出传染性Omicron变种.
- 对九种临床单克隆抗体进行中和活性测试.
- 从115名个人 (接种疫苗和COVID-19康复者) 的血清样本进行评估,以中和Omicron.
主要成果:
- 对所有测试的单克隆抗体呈现完全或部分耐药性.
- 在5个月前接种完整疫苗 (Pfizer,AstraZeneca) 的人的血清显示出最小的Omicron抑制.
- 来自COVID-19康复患者 (6-12个月后出现症状) 的血清对Omicron的中和活性很低或不存在.
- 之前感染的个体的复发疫苗接种和疫苗接种产生了抗Omicron中和抗体,尽管与Delta相比,其位降低了.
结论:
- 欧米克朗变种在很大程度上无法通过现有的治疗单克隆抗体进行中和.
- 疫苗诱导和感染诱导的免疫力对Omicron的有效性有所降低.
- 强制性疫苗接种对于恢复对Omicron变异的显著中和抗体反应至关重要.
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