美国人口和收入群体间的空气污染暴露差异
Abdulrahman Jbaily1, Xiaodan Zhou2, Jie Liu2
1Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. ajbaily@hsph.harvard.edu.
Nature
|January 13, 2022
概括
在美国,微粒颗粒物 (PM2.5) 暴露对少数群体和低收入群体造成了不成比例的影响. 这些空气污染暴露差异随着时间的推移而扩大,
科学领域:
- 环境健康
- 流行病学
- 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 空气污染,特别是细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 是全球主要的死亡原因.
- 现有研究表明,在美国的种族/民族和收入群体中,PM2.5暴露的差异很大.
- 这些差异导致健康状况不平等, 凸显了环境不公正.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个综合数据平台,将美国人口和PM2.5暴露数据联系起来.
- 分析不同人口和收入群体中PM2.5暴露差异的时空趋势.
- 评估与已确定的空气质量标准相比,暴露的差距越来越大.
主要方法:
- 美国人口普查局和美国社区调查的综合人口统计数据与PM2.5数据.
- 分析了2000年至2016年的美国邮政编码级联网数据.
- 与种族/种族和收入层面的PM2.5暴露水平进行比较,并与EPA和WHO的安全标准进行比较.
主要成果:
- 黑人,亚裔和西班牙裔/拉丁裔人口较多的地区的平均PM2.5暴露率始终高于白人和美洲原住民人口较多的地区.
- 在2004年至2016年期间,低收入地区的平均PM2.5暴露率与高收入地区相比始终较高.
- 与美国环保署和世卫组织的安全标准相比,暴露差异在研究期间明显增加.
结论:
- 在美国,在种族/民族和社会经济层面上,PM2.5暴露存在显著且日益严重的差异.
- 目前的空气污染减少策略可能不足以确保所有人得到公平的保护.
- 针对性干预对于解决这些环境健康不平等问题和实现统一的公共卫生保护至关重要.
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