在2019-2021年COVID-19大流行期间,美国门诊护理模式的趋势
John N Mafi1,2, Melody Craff3, Sitaram Vangala1
1Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.
JAMA
|January 18, 2022
概括
医疗保险或医疗保险双重资格的患者与商业保险或医疗保险患者相比,在流行病后恢复护理率明显较低.
科学领域:
- 医疗服务研究
- 流行病学
- 健康经济学
背景情况:
- 在美国,在COVID-19疫情初期,门诊护理的使用率大幅下降.
- 目前尚不清楚不同保险类型的医疗服务是否一直恢复到疫情前的水平.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较医疗补助或医疗保险-医疗保险双重资格的患者与商业,医疗保险优势或医疗保险费用保险的患者的门诊护理恢复率.
主要方法:
- 使用2019年1月至2021年2月的索赔数据进行回顾性队列研究.
- 与疫情前的预期相比,差异设计以估计利用变化.
- 根据年龄,性别和患者月份调整的Poisson回归模型,按服务和保险类型分层.
主要成果:
- 2020年3月至4月,门诊护理的使用率降至预期的67%,到2020年11月至12月恢复至96.7%.
- 截至2021年1月至2月,医疗补助的利用率为78.4%,而医疗保险-医疗保险双重资格患者的利用率为73.3%,明显低于商业 (90.7%),医疗保险优势 (83.2%) 和医疗保险服务费 (82.0%).
- 截至2021年1月至2月,查结肠镜和乳房镜显示使用率持续低 (分别为预期的65%和79.2%).
结论:
- 虽然门诊护理的使用在最初的流行病后有所增加,但医疗补助和医疗保险-医疗补助双重资格人群的恢复速度明显较慢.
- 弱势群体在门诊护理方面的差异仍然存在,这凸显了针对性干预的必要性.
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