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小虫的飞行方式和轻翼提高了飞行性能

Sergey E Farisenkov¹, Dmitry Kolomenskiy^2,3, Pyotr N Petrov⁴

¹Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. farisenkov@entomology.bio.msu.ru.

|January 20, 2022

概括

微型甲虫通过独特的翅膀运动和减少翅膀质量来实现高飞速. 这使得小昆虫能够保持出色的空中表现,有助于它们的进化成功.

科学领域:

* 昆虫飞行的生物力学
* 关节动物的小型化
* 昆虫的进化适应

背景情况:

* 动物的飞行速度通常与身体大小有正相关.
* 微型羽翼甲虫的飞行速度和加速与它们的大小不成比例.
了解这种表现背后的机制是解释昆虫进化成功的关键.

研究的目的:

* 研究微型羽翼甲虫的特殊飞行性能的生物力学基础.
* 阐明微小昆虫的新奇的翅膀运动周期和形态适应,使它们能够高速飞行.
* 分析翼跳周期的能量需求和功能分解.

主要方法:

* 在 * Paratuposa 胎盘* (体长 395 μm) 上进行了三维形态和运动重建.
* 试验分析了的翅膀的八角运动周期,包括冲击反转和拍打.
* 计算分析以确定翼击周期和功率要求的功能分解.

主要成果:

* 发现了一种独特的八个翅膀运动循环,在反转时出现垂直下的冲动和拍手.
作为惯性制动器, 稳定机身在飞行中的振荡.
* 翼击周期分解显示两次功率和两次恢复半拍,对于带毛翼的惯性功率要求较低.

结论:

* 翅膀质量减少和新的翅膀运动周期对于微型甲虫的高飞行性能至关重要.
在整个翅膀跳动周期中,积极的肌肉机械力量消除了弹性能量储存的需要.
这些适应解释了极小的昆虫如何在小型化过程中保持飞行能力,帮助它们的进化成功.

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