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导致SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529从中和抗体反应中广泛逃脱

Wanwisa Dejnirattisai¹, Jiandong Huo², Daming Zhou³

¹Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

|January 26, 2022

概括

SARS-CoV-2 的 Omicron 变种显示出显著的免疫逃避,疫苗和先前感染的中和性减少. 提升剂量和先前的德尔塔病毒感染增强了对这种高度突变的COVID-19菌株的保护.

科学领域:

病毒学
免疫学
遗传学

背景情况:

一种新的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 隔离体,Omicron (B.1.1.529) 出现了许多尖端 (S) 蛋白突变.
之前的SARS-CoV-2变种如Alpha,Beta,Gamma和Delta与Omicron相比变异较少.

研究的目的:

评估接种疫苗和康复期患者的血清对Omicron变异的中和效果.
评估Omicron突变对单克隆抗体中和的影响.
了解Omicron突变对ACE2结合和免疫逃逸的结构和功能影响.

主要方法:

对Omicron变种的Spike (S) 蛋白突变的分析.
使用疫苗接种或感染之前的SARS-CoV-2变种的个体血清测量中和度.
通过一组强大的单克隆抗体进行中和测试.

主要成果:

来自感染Alpha,Beta,Gamma或Delta的个体和接种疫苗的人的血清显示出Omicron的中和程度大幅降低或不存在.
第三剂疫苗增加了对Omicron的中和度.
大多数被测试的单克隆抗体对Omicron突变的中和有显著的减少或消除.
欧米克龙的尖蛋白呈现结构变化和突变,增强了ACE2结合的亲和力,表明了免疫逃逸.

结论:

奥米克朗显示出显著的免疫逃生特性,避免感染或接种早期SARS-CoV-2变种的个体的血清的中和.
再接种疫苗和先前感染的Delta变异增强了对Omicron的中和抗体标位.
在Omicron的Spike蛋白中发生的广泛突变,特别是在ACE2结合部位,重新平衡受体亲和力,并通过免疫压力驱动病毒进化.

关键词:

奥米克龙在RBD 冠状病毒斯派克免疫逃避接收器相互作用疫苗的使用变种

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