蝙蝠内耳神经解剖学的演变和对回声定位的影响
R Benjamin Sulser1, Bruce D Patterson2, Daniel J Urban3,4
1Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA. rsulser@amnh.org.
Nature
|January 27, 2022
概括
高度衍生的螺旋链结构在 yangochiropteran蝙蝠中,包括一个 trans-otic 链,为回声定位进化提供了洞察力. 这些独特的神经解剖学特征可能推动了蝙蝠的回声定位策略的多样化.
科学领域:
- 神经解剖学
- 进化生物学
- 哺乳动物学
背景情况:
- 蝙蝠的回声定位进化是有争议的,有理论认为它们有单独的起源或单一的起源,随后会丢失.
- 螺旋性结节对于回声定位的听觉至关重要,
- 了解内耳结构是解读蝙蝠感官系统演变的关键.
研究的目的:
- 研究蝙蝠中螺旋性结节的神经解剖学特征.
- 为了比较Yinpterochiroptera和Yangochiroptera之间的螺旋结结构.
- 追踪蝙蝠的进化起源和螺旋性结节特征的多样化
主要方法:
- 不同蝙蝠物种中螺旋性结节的比较神经解剖学.
- 螺旋关节结构的骨质相关性分析.
- 在蝙蝠的进化历史上绘制螺旋状细胞的特征.
主要成果:
- 雅基罗类蝙蝠表现出高度衍生的螺旋性关节特征,包括透视性关节和没有墙壁的罗森塔尔运河.
- 这些衍生特征允许较大的,增加神经元密度,和较为密集的耳神经,相比于Yinpterochiroptera和非耳哺乳动物.
- 螺旋形态显示Yakochiroptera中的显著变异性和差异性,但不是Yinpterochiroptera.
结论:
- 在Yangochiroptera中衍生出的螺旋神经解剖学代表了与Yingpterochiroptera的显著进化分歧.
- 这些独特的神经解剖学适应与不同的回声定位策略和Yakochiroptera的爆炸性多样化有关.
- 这项研究提供了蝙蝠次序中螺旋性质结构的演化差异的直接证据.
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