概括
人类rasH基因的突变显著改变了它的转化活性,大多数突变物显示出更强的效能. 在所有突变者中观察到减少的GTP水解,但与转化没有直接相关,这表明它是.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 瘤基因是一种瘤基因.
- 信号传导传导是指信号的传导.
背景情况:
- rasH基因是一种原瘤基因,与细胞生长和分化有关.
- 人类癌症中ras基因的突变很常见,导致不受控制的细胞增殖.
- 了解rasH功能对于癌症研究和治疗开发至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究人类rasH基因的代号61的特定氨基酸替代的功能后果.
- 确定rasH转化活性,p21表达水平和GTPase活性之间的关系.
- 阐明GTP水解在ras介导细胞转化中的作用.
主要方法:
- 使用局部导向的突变发生法,在人类rasH基因的代号61引入了17种不同的氨基酸替代.
- 评估了突变rasH蛋白的转化活性.
- 分析了突变p21蛋白质的关氨酸核酸结合率和GTP水解率.
主要成果:
- 在17种引入的突变中,有15种增加了rasH转化活性,其强度有1000倍以上的变化.
- 转化活动减少的突变者需要更高的p21表达水平进行转化.
- 所有17种突变蛋白都表现出显著降低的GTP水解速率 (比正常水平低8-10倍),无论它们的转化效能如何.
- 突变蛋白质的关氨酸核酸结合特性保持不变.
结论:
- 减少的GTP水解是rasH突变的共同特征,但不足以赋予转化潜力.
- rasH转化活性的程度与GTPase活性的减少没有定量相关.
- 这些发现突显了ras信号的复杂性,并表明其他因素有助于ras介导的瘤发生.
相关概念视频
Mutations
Overview
Translation
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
The Ras Gene
The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
Ras is a superfamily...
Mutations
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Translation
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Nucleotide Excision Repair
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...


